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Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) is an automobile technology designed to allow automobiles to “talk” to each other. The systems will use a region of the 5.9 GHz band set aside by the United States Congress in 1999, the unlicensed frequency also used by WiFi.
V2V or Car to Car / car to infrastructure is currently in active development by General Motors, which demonstrated the system in 2006 using Cadillac vehicles. Other automakers working on V2V include Toyota,[1] BMW, Daimler, Honda, Audi, Volvo and the Car-to-Car communication consortium.
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Google’s self-driving vehicles use a combination of GPS, cameras, LIDAR, radar, and the company’s mapping technology to navigate accurately.
Use of radar, laser, ultrasonic sensors have certain limitations and will not offer communication between large number of vehicles, such as vehicles at a junction, etc. So, GPS and wifi are the two methods by which any type of communication can be achieved in all types of conditions. Automatically analyzing the traffic signs and signals is also possible by incorporation of cameras onto the vehicles or emission of warning signals directly from the traffic boards which can be read by the receivers in the vehicles.
Vehicular communication systems are a type of network in which vehicles and roadside units are the communicating nodes, providing each other with information, such as safety warnings and traffic information. As a cooperative approach, vehicular communication systems can be more effective in avoiding accidents and traffic congestions than if each vehicle tries to solve these problems individually.
Generally, vehicular networks are considered to contain two types of nodes: vehicles and roadside stations. Both are dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) devices. DSRC works in 5.9 GHz band with bandwidth of 75 MHz and approximate range of 1000 m.[1] The network should support both private data communications and public (mainly safety) communications but higher priority is given to public communications. Vehicular communications is usually developed as a part of intelligent transportation systems (ITS). ITS seeks to achieve safety and productivity through intelligent transportation which integrates communication between mobile and fixed nodes. To this end, ITS heavily relies on wired and wireless communications.
An autonomous car,[1] also known as a driverless car,[2] self-driving car[3] and robotic car,[4] is an automated or autonomous vehicle capable of fulfilling the main transportation capabilities of a traditional car. As an autonomous vehicle, it is capable of sensing its environment and navigating without human input. Robotic cars exist mainly as prototypes and demonstration systems. As of 2014, the only self-driving vehicles that are commercially available are open-air shuttles for pedestrian zones that operate at 12.5 miles per hour (20.1 km/h).[5]
Autonomous vehicles sense their surroundings with such techniques as radar, lidar, GPS, and computer vision. Advanced control systems interpret sensory information to identify appropriate navigation paths, as well as obstacles and relevant signage.[6][7] By definition, autonomous vehicles are capable of updating their maps based on sensory input, allowing the vehicles to keep track of their position even when conditions change or when they enter uncharted environments.
Advanced Driver Assistance Systems, or ADAS, are systems to help the driver in the driving process. When designed with a safe Human-Machine Interface, they should increase car safety and more generally road safety. Advanced driver assistance systems are one of the fastest-growing segments in automotive electronics.[1]
ADAS technology can be based upon vision/camera systems, sensor technology, car data networks, Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V), or Vehicle-to-Infrastructure systems.
Next-generation ADAS will increasingly leverage wireless network connectivity to offer improved value by using car-to-car and car-to-infrastructure data.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicular_communication_systems